Stair Calculator

Risers, treads, total run and headroom — checked against the reference you pick.

Straight flight

Unit system

Code references and product data are quoted in the units their source uses.

= 108" (9')

= 7 1/2"

= 10"

Advanced
TOTAL RUN 10' 10"RUN 10' 10"RUN 10' 10"TOTAL RISE 9' 0"RISE 9' 0"RISE 9' 0"STRINGER 14' 1"37.6°7 11/16"

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Stairs · Result

Calculated

RISER HEIGHT

riser height 7 11/16"

Risers
14
Treads
13
Total run
10' 10"
Angle
37.6°

2021 IRC reference check — within the limits checked. Local requirements may differ.

Reference profile 2021 IRCA reference check is not a compliance determination; local amendments differ.

SettingChange

Limits come from the 2021 International Residential Code reference profile — R311.7.1, R311.7.2, R311.7.3, R311.7.5.1, R311.7.5.2 (screenshots 01–03). This is the standard checked against, not a determination of the code governing this project: A reference check against the 2021 IRC, not a determination of the code governing this project: adoption, local amendments, occupancy and building type are not modelled.

SUGGESTED DEFAULT
Code references & assumptions · 2

How this result is supported

Straight flights only — winders and landings change both the geometry and the provisions that apply. The reference check names the document it read.
SUGGESTED DEFAULTLimits come from the 2021 International Residential Code reference profile — R311.7.1, R311.7.2, R311.7.3, R311.7.5.1, R311.7.5.2 (screenshots 01–03). This is the standard checked against, not a determination of the code governing this project: A reference check against the 2021 IRC, not a determination of the code governing this project: adoption, local amendments, occupancy and building type are not modelled.
ASSUMPTION
ASSUMPTIONA flight of n risers has n − 1 treads; the top floor is not a tread
CONVENTION
What do these evidence labels mean?
PRIMARY-VERIFIED
directly supported by one authoritative primary source, quoted with section/page/figure
CROSS-VERIFIED
independently supported by two or more appropriate authoritative sources
DERIVED
mathematically derived from PRIMARY-VERIFIED values; the derivation is preserved in data and in code
INTERPRETED
a source exists but translating it into calculator behaviour required interpretation
CONVENTION
recognised trade practice, not a mandatory provision
ASSUMPTION
product/design assumption or useful default with no authoritative basis
UNVERIFIED
insufficient authoritative evidence
Full methodology →

Code references and product data are quoted in the units their source uses.

Reference checks are informational, not compliance determinations.

How stair is calculated

This calculates STRAIGHT flights — one run from floor to floor with no turn in it. Winders, landings and switchbacks change both the geometry and the code provisions that apply, and a number from this page should not be carried onto them.

The total rise is divided evenly by the riser count, because risers in a flight must be equal — an uneven one is the classic trip hazard and every reference limits how much they may vary. The tread count is one less than the riser count, since the upper floor itself is the last tread.

Alternatives either side of your riser count are shown because the choice is usually a trade-off rather than a calculation: one more riser makes each one shorter and the flight longer, and which you want depends on the space you have.

The reference check reports what the selected document says about riser height and tread depth. It names the document it read; it does not tell you whether your stair may be built, and local amendments differ.

riser height = total rise ÷ riser count

tread count = riser count − 1

The top landing is the last tread.

total run = tread count × tread depth

Questions

Why is the tread count one less than the riser count?
Because the floor you arrive at is the last tread. A flight with 14 risers has 13 treads in it, and counting 14 is how a stair ends up a tread too long for its opening.
Does this handle winders or a landing?
No — straight flights only. A landing splits the flight into two, each with its own rise, and winders have a tread depth that varies across their width. Both are different calculations and this page does not attempt them.
What does the reference check actually check?
Riser height and tread depth against the limits in the standard you select. The 2021 IRC and Wisconsin SPS 321 differ, so a stair can satisfy one and not the other — which is why the result names the profile rather than implying a single answer.